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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/4456082.stm

Neglect 'leaves a physical mark'
Children neglected in their early years are left with physical as well as psychological marks, research suggests.
Lack of a loving caregiver directly affects the body's production of hormones thought to be important for forming social bonds, a US team found.

Children raised in orphanages had lower levels of vasopressin and oxytocin than others, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reports.

This was despite the children later being placed with stable families.

Physical effect

This suggests the effects may be lasting to some extent, the University of Wisconsin-Madison authors said.

They believe failure to receive typical care as a child can disrupt normal development of these hormonal systems which, in turn, can interfere with the calming and comforting effects that typically emerge between children and their caregivers.

Compared with the control group, the 18 four-year-old children raised in orphanages showed lower levels of vasopressin in their urine.

Researchers believe this hormone is essential for recognising individuals in a familiar social environment.


This provides a very powerful approach to look at the way upbringing and domestic circumstances can effect the way children grow up
Dr David Jessop of Bristol University

During an experiment, the children were asked to sit on the laps of either their mother (or adopted mother) or an unfamiliar woman and play an interactive computer game.

The game directed the children to engage in various types of physical contact with the adult they were sitting with, such as whispering or tickling each other and patting each other on the head.

This type of interaction between a child and his or her mother should normally cause a rise in oxytocin. This was seen in the family-raised children, but orphanage-raised children did not display the same response.

Lead researcher Dr Seth Pollak said: "It's extremely important that people don't think this work implies that these children are somehow permanently delayed.

"All we are saying is that, in the case of some social problems, here is a window into understanding the biological basis for why they happen and how we might design treatment."

The researchers added: "The present data provide a potential explanation for how the nature and quality of children's environments shape the brain-behavioural systems underlying complex human emotions."

Dr Julie Turner-Cobb, of Bath University, and Dr David Jessop, at Bristol University, recently carried out research showing children can be stressed out by their own mothers' emotional exhaustion.

Childcare helped to reduce stress (measured by a hormone present in saliva) among children whose working mothers are in jobs with low satisfaction.

Dr Jessop said: "Although there has been a lot of psychosocial work in the past, we are now bringing into play hormonal data.

"So we really have two weapons in our armoury. This provides a very powerful approach to look at the way upbringing and domestic circumstances can affect the way children grow up."

He said larger studies over a longer period of time were needed to determine whether children are stressed by their circumstances and whether introducing more social support would help buffer this.

Try using the left justify icon wwhen you write english!!! OK?

On the bottom of the Teguva screen there are four rows of icons.
The fourth row the second icon from the right
Just dont forget to remove the words הטקסט שלך כאן:

הטקסט שלך כאן

Wow! This forum is starting to resemble a psych 101 class!
Lets get back to the Biology of the article for a moment, OK?
Vasopressin, Oxytocin,…… this study is full of bologna!,
Both are vital hormones, but there are millions of things that could affect the production of any hormone, not just these two.
Who says that there is a correlation between the neglect, and the imbalance of hormones?

This was despite the children later being placed with stable families.

Jid,
it is not a corralation, the elevated levels could be due to diet, there are way to many factors that would affect a hormone level, especially one that is as volitile as those two, had the study stated that there was a significant difference in a TSH blood test, or T3, or even T4, I might agree with it.

BFLAT:
Good point. However, don't get overly excited. First you have to see the article's section on limitations; if this issue is not addressed, then you "might" be on to something.

Till then, hold your assumptions please.

Here is a link to another article abstract that also addresses the Vasopressin, Oxytocin – neglect correlation. Although I have not read the entire article, it seems the author also stresses causation, not only correlation.

http://www.annalsnyas.org/cgi/content/abstract/1036/1/106


The quantity and quality of maternal care received during infancy determines adult social competence, ability to cope with stress, aggressiveness, and even preference for addictive substances. Indeed, the development of neurochemical systems within the brain that regulate mothering, aggression, and other types of social behavior, such as the oxytocin and vasopressin systems, are strongly affected by parental nurturing received during infancy.

In other words, infants that are neglected, have high blood preasure?
it just does not make any sense! are there any other physical symptoms, besides a fluctuating hormonial
balance ( which is NORMAL!) to support this theory?,

hey listen a study is a study, all I am saying is that there are way too many factors involved!

Thus you have to read the article to draw conclusions. Besides although there may be many other variables which contribute to elevated or decreased hormone levels, if two variables are present, (e.g. in our study Vasopressin, Oxytocin and neglect) they are still scientifically correlated.

Just keep in mind that, generally speaking, correlation does not imply causation.

Graf patutzki,

It does not help me mucu.
Only if I continue typing in the same line , like now

OK,
Vasopressin = ADH (anti diuretic hormone)
It regulates the ''water'' in our systems (osmilality), thus more or less controlling our blood pressure, or acting as a vasodilator, or constrictor. But there are way too many other things to take into account such as sodium intake, renal function, or the BNP (Brain Natriuretic Peptide) all these things affect vasopressin production.

Oxytocin,
A male has as much use of oxytocin, as a female has of testosterone, THE ONLY TIME that these levels fluctuate in a matter that is at all significant, is before, during, and after childbirth. For those of you that are familiar with the drug pitocin, it is the same thing as oxytocin, only a synthetic form. It triggers contractions, there is nothing that would cause it to fluctuate in children whatsoever!, so this study,,,…. Hmmmmm I am not sure what they are trying to prove.